Definition
Exophthalmus is diagnosed if the eyes' bulbi are prominent beyond the orbits accompanied by widened palpebral fissures.Exophthalmus is a symptom requiring clarification of its cause. It is not a disease pattern of its own.
Causes
- Inflammatory orbital diseases (e.g. orbital phlegmon, sinus-cavernosus thrombosis or orbital pseudotumour)
- Abnormality of orbital vessels (vibrant exophthalmus, orbital hematoma)
- orbital tumours
- endocrine opthalmopathy, see LEMO Classification and NOSPECS scheme.
